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Physical Science & Biophysics Journal Research Article 4 min read

Studying the Structural Properties of Compounds Fluoride that Blotched by Sb

Alhasno M*, Khoudro A and Zarouri T
* Corresponding author
ISSN: 2641-9165  10.23880/psbj-16000224  Received: November 09, 2022  Published: November 25, 2022
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 3 tables
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Keywords
Powder Calcium fluoride Solid state reaction Structural properties Rare-earth ions
Abstract

Sb doped calcium fluoride transparent conducting powder were prepared by solid state reaction method. Structural properties of the samples were investigated as a function of various Sb-doping levels (x=0.00-0.04-0.05-0.06). The results of x-ray diffraction have shown that the samples are polycrystalline structure in cubic phase and show presence (111) ،(220) ،(311) ،(400) planes in pure CaF2 sample and The preferred orientation is (220) for pure CaF2 and we have peaks correspond to (012), (015), (024), (122) for Sb for all samples and the preferred orientation is (015) for Sb for all samples. The average of crystallite size is within the range [4.063-0.915 nm] for all samples. The relative intensities, distance between crystalline planes (d), crystallite size (D) and lattice parameters (a) were determined.

Introduction

Calcium fluoride (CaF2) density is 3.18 (g/cm3) melting at 1633 (K) and crystalize in cubic structure with lattice constants a = 5.432 Å. CaF2 is presently the fastest known scintillator. It has an emission component with sub nanosecond decay time [1, 2]. CaF2 has several scintillation emission bands. The fast scintillation light is emitted in the UV bands centered at 220 and 200 nm. The decay time of the fast component varies between 600 and 800 ps [3]. CaF2 has attracted much attention because of its wide range of potential applications in optoelectronic and microelectronic devices [4, 5, 6]. CaF2 compounds doped with rare-earth ions have been reported to display unique luminescence properties and can thus be used as scintillators [7, 8, 9, 10, 11].

Experimental

CaF2: Sb powders (x = 0.00,0.04,0.05, 0.06) were prepared by a solid state reaction method. were accurately weighed in required proportions and were mixed and ground thoroughly using an Agate mortar and pestle to convert to very fine powders. The grinding of the mixtures was carried out for 3 hours for all the powder samples. The ground powder samples were firing at 700°C for 3 hours.

Results and Discussions

Structural properties

The X-ray diffraction patterns of undoped and Sb doped CaF2 powders prepared with various Sb concentration 0

wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt% and 6 wt% are shown in Figure 1. The XRD reveals that all samples are having polycrystalline nature with cubic structure.

Figure 1: The XRD reveals that all samples are having polycrystalline nature with cubic structure.
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Figure 1: The XRD reveals that all samples are having polycrystalline nature with cubic structure.
Figure 2
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Figure 2
Figure 3
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Figure 3
Figure 4
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Figure 4
  • Samples
  • S
  • 2θ (deg) hkl d (A°)
  • Rel. int.
  • [%] β (deg)
  • D (nm)
  • Average
  • D(nm)
  • CaF2
  • 33.12 (111)
  • 3.138
  • 80
  • 1.250
  • 1.403
  • 5.456
  • 55.23 (220)
  • 1.929
  • 100
  • 1.720
  • 1.103
  • 821.956
  • Pure
  • 65.78 (311)
  • 1.647
  • 48
  • 1.350
  • 1.483
  • 454.692
  • 82.23 (400)
  • 1.360
  • 33
  • 1.100
  • 2.029
  • 242.904

Table 1: The results of structural values of undoped CaF2 sample.

  • Samples
  • 2θ (deg) hkl d (A°)
  • Rel. int.
  • [%] β (deg)
  • D (nm)
  • Average
  • D(nm)
  • CaF2:Sb
  • 32.94 (012)
  • 3.155
  • 76
  • 1.160
  • 1.511
  • 9.881
  • 54.96 (015)
  • 1.938
  • 100
  • 1.755
  • 1.080
  • 857.338
  • (4 wt%)
  • 66.12 (024)
  • 1.639
  • 44
  • 1.525
  • 1.315
  • 578.293
  • 82.12 (122)
  • 1.347
  • 33
  • 1.040
  • 2.162
  • 223.938

Table 2: The results of structural values of Sb doped CaF2 samples (x=0.04).

  • Samples
  • 2θ (deg) hkl d (A°)
  • Rel. int.
  • [%] β (deg)
  • D (nm)
  • Average
  • D(nm)
  • CaF2:Sb
  • 32.33 (012)
  • 3.212
  • 68
  • 1.325
  • 1.321
  • 47.12 (104)
  • 2.237
  • 26
  • 0.630
  • 3.010
  • 110.374
  • 55.92 (015)
  • 1.909
  • 100
  • 2.130
  • 0.915
  • 1194.422
  • (5 wt%)
  • 65.96 (024)
  • 1.643
  • 44
  • 1.565
  • 1.280
  • 610.351
  • 81.98 (122)
  • 1.363
  • 32
  • 1.040
  • 1.620
  • 381.039
  • Samples
  • 2θ (deg) hkl d (A°)
  • Rel. int.
  • [%] β (deg)
  • D (nm)
  • Average
  • D(nm)
  • CaF2:Sb
  • 33.10 (012)
  • 3.144
  • 39
  • 1.370
  • 1.280
  • 47.14 (104)
  • 2.238
  • 23
  • 0.625
  • 2.935
  • 116.087
  • 49.12 (110)
  • 2.152
  • 22
  • 0.455
  • 4.063
  • 60.057
  • 55.22 (015)
  • 1.931
  • 100
  • 1.710
  • 1.109
  • 813.086
  • (6 wt%)
  • 65.98 (024)
  • 1.642
  • 43
  • 1.505
  • 1.332
  • 563.626
  • 82.08 (122)
  • 1.362
  • 30
  • 1.170
  • 1.905
  • 275.556

Table 3: The results of structural values of Sb doped CaF2 samples (x=0.05).

Δ Lattice const. a(Å) 1015line/m2

The relative intensities of undoped and Sb doped CaF2 powders are calculated. The distance between crystalline planes values (d) are calculated by using following relation:

$$ 2 d c s i n ^ {2} \tag {1} $$

Where d is distance between crystalline planes (A°), è is the Bragg angle, ë is the wavelength of X-rays ( ë = 1.78897 A°).

The crystallite size is calculated from Scherrer’s equation [12]:

$$ D = \frac {0 . 9 4 \lambda}{\beta \cos \mathrm {e}} (2) $$

Where, D is the crystallite size, ë is the wavelength of X-ray, ẞ is full width at half maximum (FWHM) intensity in radians and è is Braggs’s angle.

The dislocation density is defined as the length of dislocation lines per unit volume and calculated by following equation [13]:

$$ \ddot {a} = \frac {1}{D ^ {2}} \tag {3} $$

The lattice constants a for cubic phase structure is determined by the relation [14]:

$$ \mathrm {a} = d \sqrt {h ^ {2} + k ^ {2} + l ^ {2}} \tag {4} $$

Where d and (hkl) are distance between crystalline planes and Miller indices, respectively.

Conclusion

This paper presents a study of structural properties of Sb doped CaF2 powders prepared by solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm that the samples have polycrystalline nature with cubic structure and show presence (111), (220), (311), (400) planes in pure CaF2 sample. The preferred orientation is (220) for pure CaF2.

For 4%Sb we have peaks correspond to (012), (015), (024), (122). The preferred orientation is (015).

For 5%Sb We noticed appearance of this orientation (104).

For 6%Sb We noticed appearance of these orientations (104), (110).

The average of crystallite size is within the range [4.063- 0.915 nm] for all samples. It was defined that the lattice constants a for all the samples, were almost identical with JCPDS values.

References

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@article{alhasno2022,
  title   = {Studying the Structural Properties of Compounds Fluoride that
Blotched by Sb},
  author  = {Alhasno M, Khoudro A and Zarouri T},
  journal = {Physical Science & Biophysics Journal},
  year    = {2022},
  volume  = {6},
  number  = {2},
  doi     = {10.23880/psbj-16000224}
}
Alhasno M, Khoudro A and Zarouri T (2022). Studying the Structural Properties of Compounds Fluoride that
Blotched by Sb. Physical Science & Biophysics Journal, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.23880/psbj-16000224
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Studying the Structural Properties of Compounds Fluoride that
Blotched by Sb
AU  - Alhasno M, Khoudro A and Zarouri T
JO  - Physical Science & Biophysics Journal
PY  - 2022
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
DO  - 10.23880/psbj-16000224
ER  -