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Pulmonary function tests are non-invasive tests to study the lung function. They measure lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange. Spirometry measures rate of air flo…

Supraglottic airway devices (SGAs) have become an important part of anesthesia management. They comprise of varied group of medical devices inserted through mouth for achieving oxy…

Electrolytes are fundamental to osmolality, membrane potential, muscle, nerve excitability, and buffering of acidosis; all being critical determinants of athletic performance. Com…

This article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of antimony accumulation in renal tissue and the assessment of the renal excretory function in Wistar rats following a subchro…

Nile tilapia is a widely farmed species globally, due to its resistance to environmental challenges. Additionally, it is a generalist consumer and a prolific breeder. In Brazil, t…

Background: First year medical students normally experience a variety of emotional reactions and mixed feelings, when they encounter human cadavers for the first time. With changi…

The foramen transversarium differentiates the cervical vertebrae from the other vertebrae of the spinal column. From the first part of the subclavian artery, the vertebral artery …

Foramen Transversarium (FT) is present in the transverse process of cervical vertebrae. One FT is present in each transverse process of cervical vertebrae. The vertebral artery, v…

Background: During routine undergraduate dissection of a 43 years old male cadaver some important neural and arterial anatomic variations were seen in a single right upper limb in…

The Zoo is famous example of ex-situ conservation. Central Zoo is only one Zoo of Nepal having high potentiality of ecotourism but the study regarding this is very limited. Thus, …

Introduction: There is adequate literature written on hyponatremia, but not much seen in context of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Patients become prone for this electrolyte derang…

Background: While there have been a few cases of dexmedetomidine induced polyuria mainly in the setting of anesthesia during surgery, there have been few reports of this serious co…

<p style="text-align: justify;">Background: People who have observed or are aware that a consumer has been restrained may experience distress, confusion, concern, a…

Years ago Anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) was a career ending injury in Elite athletes, with advances in technology, surgical procedure, and rehabilitation an Elite athlte has an …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered as a chronic eye disease leading to blindness. DR is associated with hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation …

Objective: Expression of the oncofoetal glycoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), has been extensively studied, particularly regarding its potential role as a marker of early c…