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Diabetes & Obesity International Journal Research Article 7 min read

A Study on Death Prevalence due to Obesity in Nigeria from 1990 to 2017

Khanam S*
* Corresponding author
ISSN: 2574-7770  10.23880/doij-16000232  Received: September 25, 2020  Published: October 14, 2020
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Keywords
Obesity Prevalence Nigeria
Abstract

Obesity is a public health problem globally. There are several other communicable diseases such as malaria, measles, HIV etc. are prominent contributors to diseases burden in Africa, but now this disease burden transfer to other noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, respiratory diseases , cancer, cardiovascular diseases etc. This study was conducted to examine prevalence of deaths due to obesity in Nigeria from 1990 to 2017. The data of total population and total deaths reported from 1990 to 2017 were collected from various internet websites. Significant highest death prevalence rate was found in the year 2000 (0.0196%) in that year the total population of Nigeria were 12,22,83,850, and total deaths were 23,984. Significant lowest death prevalence rate was found in the year 2013 (0.0129%) in that year the total population of Nigeria were 17,45,07,539 and total deaths were 22,679.

Introduction

Communicable diseases such as HIV, Tuberculosis, malaria, measles, and hepatitis are the most prominent contributors to disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Now disease burden of communicable diseases shift to profiles featuring an increasing predominance of chronic, noncommunicable diseases. Cancer, kidney diseases, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes, mental disorders, and obesity are growing burdens as indicates by various researches [1, 2, 3, 4].

Obesity is a public health problem worldwide. Obesity is defined as a if a person has body mass index (BMI) more than 30kg/m2 is called obese or can be described as the imbalance between the intake of energy and expenditure of energy that is excess energy stored in fat cells. Obesity is a disorder which is related to energy metabolism. Approximately 200 million men and 300 million women of aged 20 years and above were obese in the year 2008. It is associated with so many disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, osteoarthritis, depression, distress, cancer. In some parts of the world such as Nigeria, Chad, Northern Cameroon, Nauru, Tahiti obesity is seen as a symbol of beauty and they perform some cultural fattening ceremonies. In most of the developing countries many people die because of obesity related diseases such as diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, cancer and many other diseases which are related to obesity [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13].

Approximately 26% and 37% prevalence of overweight, 3% and 8.1% prevalence of obesity in men and women respectively was found in a WHO survey data on Nigeria in 2010. This survey data also revealed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity of individuals aged 30 years and above shows increment in overweight by 23% and 18% and increment in obesity by 47% and 39% in men and women respectively between 2002 and 2010, in Nigeria [14].

Methodology

Data Collection and Analysis

The data of total population and total deaths reported due to obesity in Nigeria from 1990 to 2017 were collected from various internet websites and death prevalence rate, mean, standard error of mean, and p value were calculated.

No. of deaths Prevalence rate= ×100 Total No. of Population Statistical Analysis Analysis of data was done by using SPSS. Variables were presented in frequencies and percentages, and distributed continuous variables were presented as mean and standard error of mean (SEM).

Results and Discussion

This study was conducted to examine prevalence of deaths due to obesity in Nigeria from 1990 to 2017. Significant highest death prevalence rate was found in the year 2000 (0.0196%) in that year the total population of Nigeria were 12,22,83,850, and total deaths were 23,984. Significant lowest death prevalence rate was found in the year 2013 (0.0129%) in that year the total population of Nigeria were 17,45,07,539 and total deaths were 22,679. In every seven years the prevalence rate of death was significant. The average prevalence rate from 1990 to 1996 was 0.0350% (p=0.000001), from 1997 to 2003 the prevalence rate was 0.0189% (p=0.000000*), from 2004 to 2010 the prevalence rate was 0.0155% (p=0.000000), from 2011 to 2017 the prevalence rate was 0.0132% (p=0.000001**). The death rate was significant in the year 1997 to 2003 and highly significant in the year 1990 to 1996, 2004 to 2010 and 2011 to 2017. Obesity is a global health problem across all reces, sex and age. It affects our body by affecting the body systems and various metabolic process such as endocrine system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, nervous system, reproductive system. There are so many causes of obesity but some of the researchers studied that disruption in sleep and chronic stress serves major causing factor of obesity and overweight. Several studies has been done to see prevalence of obesity among Nigerian population and found that the prevalence of obesity was highest in the higher income population in Nigeria [15, 16, 17, 18, 19].

Skaal and Pengpid [20] reported 60.5% male and 76.5% female prevalence rate of overweight or obesity in 100 black health care workers in South Africa. Another study was done by some researchers on obesity among female nurses in AkwaIbom state of Nigeria and found that 62.6% of nurses are obese out of 500 nurses. According to Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey, 2008, the prevalence of obesity among nurses was higher(34.8%) in women aged 15-49 of AkwaIbom state of Nigeria [21].

Some researchers revealed the prevalence of obesity in Nigeria and results showed that the prevalence of obesity was high in Abuja as compared to other cities of Nigeria. The results of that study similar to the results of another study which revealed the prevalence of obesity was higher in developing countries like United Kingdom, where the prevalence of obesity was more in men (42%) than women (32% [22, 23, 24, 25, 26].

YearTotal PopulationDeaths due to ObesityPrevalence rate (%)
19909,52,12,45013,8530.0145
19918,89,92,22014,8480.0166
199210,01,61,70015,8850.0158
199310,27,00,80016,8290.0163
199410,52,93,70017,7850.0168
199510,79,48,33518,7210.0173
199611,06,68,80019,7710.0178
Mean: 16813.143
SD : 1957.3772
SEM : 799.0959
p : 0.000001**
95%CI: 14857.836 —— 18768.45
t=2.4468
99%CI: 13850.674 —— 19775.611
t=3.7072
199711,34,57,70020,9120.0184
199811,63,19,80022,0190.0189
199911,92,60,10023,0910.0193
200012,22,83,85023,9840.0196
200112,53,94,00024,1480.0192
200212,85,96,10024,3110.0189
200313,19,00,60024,2000.0183
Mean: 23237.857
SD : 1217.6814
SEM : 497.1163
p : 0.000000**
95%CI: 22021.465 —— 24454.25
t=2.4468
99%CI: 21394.91 —— 25080.805
t=3.7072
200413,53,20,40023,9880.0177
200513,88,65,01623,6210.0170
200614,04,31,79023,2780.0165
200714,63,40,00022,7430.0155
200815,02,69,62322,0490.0146
200915,43,24,93321,6810.0140
201015,85,03,19721,6600.0136
Mean: 22717.143
SD : 877.0749
SEM : 358.064
p : 0.000000**
95%CI: 21840.996 —— 23593.29
t=2.4468
99%CI: 21389.7 —— 24044.586
t=3.7072
201116,24,71,00021,8170.0134
201216,72,28,76722,2060.0132
201317,45,07,53922,6790.0129
201417,64,04,90223,4030.0132
201518,11,37,44824,1650.0133
201618,59,60,24125,1270.0135
201719,08,73,24425,8690.0135
Mean: 23609.428
SD : 1404.4861
SEM : 573.379
p : 0.000001**
95%CI: 22206.428 —— 25012.43
t=2.4468
99%CI: 21483.754 —— 25735.104
t=3.7072

Table 1: Prevalence rate of deaths due to Obesity in Nigeria from 1990-2017. Source: population by worldometer, deaths by Our Wor

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@article{khanam2020,
  title   = {A Study on Death Prevalence due to Obesity in Nigeria from 1990 to 2017},
  author  = {Khanam S},
  journal = {Diabetes & Obesity International Journal},
  year    = {2020},
  volume  = {5},
  number  = {4},
  doi     = {10.23880/doij-16000232}
}
Khanam S (2020). A Study on Death Prevalence due to Obesity in Nigeria from 1990 to 2017. Diabetes & Obesity International Journal, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.23880/doij-16000232
TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Study on Death Prevalence due to Obesity in Nigeria from 1990 to 2017
AU  - Khanam S
JO  - Diabetes & Obesity International Journal
PY  - 2020
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
DO  - 10.23880/doij-16000232
ER  -