Population of Eospalax Baileyi Pallas and its Controls with Compound Poison Bait’s

Yang K

doi:10.23880/izab-16000170

International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology Research Article 4 min read

Population of Eospalax Baileyi Pallas and its Controls with Compound Poison Bait’s

Yang K^*

^* Corresponding author

ISSN: 2639-216X 10.23880/izab-16000170 Received: August 05, 2019 Published: September 05, 2019

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Keywords

Hongyuan County Myospalax Baileyi Pallas D-Type Kreotoxin Attractant

Abstract

Pest control is still the important work to manage the grassland in West China. E. baileyi Pallas is the main rodent in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau grassland, so population density of E. baileyi Pallas was continuously investigated from 2015 to 2016 based on the previous works of 2013 and 2014, compound poison baits effects were tested on E. baileyi Pallas. The block-open method was used to survey the population density with three repeat grids. Rapeseed oil and peanut oil was used as attractant to make compound poison, and then determine the compound poison bait effects on E. baileyi Pallas. The density was 37.12 and 35.32 individuals/hm2 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The results showed that the average feeding rate of rapeseed oil was 76.7%, which was significantly higher than that of peanut oil with 65.12% (P&lt;0.05). The average killing rate of poison bait without attractant was 74.68%, which was significantly lower than the rate of poison bait with attractant (88.85%, P&lt;0.01). The average density of E. baileyi Pallas in Hongyuan County was 36.22 individuals/hm2 which indicated that the pest was highly harmful to the grassland. The effect of D-type kreotoxin poisoning E. baileyi Pallas could be significantly improved with the attractant.

Introduction

Sichuan northwest prairie distributes in three autonomous prefecture including ganzi, aba and liangshan, sichuan province, constitutes northwest sichuan pastoral area which belongs to one of the five major pastoral areas of China. At present, due to the climate change and the unreasonable utilization, rats living in this grassland are rampant, and lead to grassland degradation, loss of productivity, and even desertification [1]. Grasslands in China has more than 100 kinds of rats and mice in which common rodent species are Ochotona curzoniae Hodgson, Myospalax baileyi Pallas, Rhomobomys opimus Lichtenstein, Meriones unguiculatus Milne Edwards and so on. These kinds of rodents mainly distribute in sichuan, gansu, Tibet, qinghai and other 13 provinces (area) [2]. Among them, Ochotona curzoniae Hodgson Myospalax baileyi Pallas is characteristic of the qinghai-tibet plateau rats [3]. At present, chemical medicine is used to pest management, and its poisoning effect is closely related to the rodents acceptance of poison bait [4, 5]. Type D botox poison bait was widely used in grassland of qinghai province to control pest. The results showed that the poison bait has good palatability, high deratization effect. Moreover, Type D botox poison bait has lots of advantages including environment friendly, no secondary poisoning and short life-span in giving nature conditions.

In order to long term surveillance the density of Myospalax baileyi Pallas and improve the efficacy of Type D botox controlling Myospalax baileyi Pallas, we surveyed the plateau zokor density during the period of 2015-2016 based on previous works of 2013 and 2014, designed different types attractants matched with type D botox, and checked the effects of poison baits on Myospalax baileyi Pallas.

Materials and Methods

Rodent’s Density Survey

Survey area locates in the qinghai-tibet plateau between 101 ° 51 '~ 103 ° 23' E, 31 ° 51 ~ 33 ° 19 'N. The average elevation is above 3600 m, and belongs to plateau monsoon climate with extreme minimum temperature- 36℃. 3 samples (Table 1) area were randomly selected yearly, block-open method was used to determine effective holes, and the whole coefficient and population density.

Attractants and Bait Components

Baits and attractants were in divided into 5 groups based on the components (Table 1).


A	oats	Salt, onion, white sugar, rapeseed oil
B	oats	Salt, onion, white sugar, peanut oil
C	oats	control
D	carrrots	Salt, onion, white sugar, rapeseed oil
E	carrots	control

Table 1: Different groups of attractant components and baits.

Note: The components’ proportions were: sugar (350 g/50 kg), oil (300 g/50 kg), salt (350 g/50 kg), green onion (2 kg/50 kg). Table 1: Different groups of attractant components and baits.

Attractant and Type D Botox Compound Poison Bait as well as its Effects

Component of poison bait was showed in table 4, and bait would be feeded 12 hours later.

Totally 48 grids with size 15 m x 15 m was set up, and then bait was piped into the hole about 60 cm faraway Dead rate of rodent (%)=(effective number of hole before feeding baits- effective number of hole after feeding baits)/ effective hole number before feeding baits × 100%

Results

Myospalax Baileyi Pallas

The effective hole coefficient and population density were shown in Table 2.

	Sampling	Sites				Grids’		Opening holes		Effective holes		Coefficient o		Population
	time					size/hm2		number		number		hole		density/(individual/hm2)
2015			site1			0.25		41		29		0.34		39.44
		site2	site1		0.25	0.25	39	41	31	29	0.35	0.34	43.4	39.44
		site2	site3		0.25	0.25	39	33	31	23	0.35	0.31	43.4	28.52
		average	site3		0.25	0.25	37.67±3.4	33	27.6±3.40	23	0.33±0.017	0.31	37.12±6.29	28.52
2016			site1			0.25		33		25		0.33		33
			site2			0.25		35		25		0.33		33
			site3			0.25		41		27		0.37		39.96
		a	verag	e		0.25		36.33±3.40		25.67±0.94		0.34±0.019		35.32±3.28

Table 2: The population density of Myospalax baileyi Pallas in Hongyuan County.

The Feeding Rate with Different Type of Bait Component was Showed in Table 3

No. Number of effective hole number of feeding hole 3days

Note: The lower-case letter in the same row means there is a significant difference (P<0.05); C is the control of A and B; E is the control of D.

Table 3: The feeding rate for different attractant mixed bait.

The Dead Rate Of Different Kinds of Poison Bait Upon Rodents

was 88.85%, whereas the control was 74.68%, t test showed statistical significance (P < 0.01) between them (Table 4).

Number of

No. Concentration of

D-type kreotoxin Baits

effective hole(before) A1 0.15% oat 27 8 3 88.89 B1 0.10% oat 30 4 2 93.33 C1 0.15% carrot 26 10 4 84.61 D1 0.10% carrot 70 17 8 88.57 Attractants E1 0.15% oat 34 11 6 82.35 F1 0.10% oat 41 17 11 73.17 G1 0.15% carrot 31 11 9 70.98 H1 0.10% carrot 36 15 10 72.22 Control Number of effective hole Number of effective hole Dead rate of rodent 15days

7days later

15days later later (%)

Note: The colza oil was added into the control group as an attractive component.

Table 4: Dead rate of rodent poisoned by attractants and D-type kreotoxin.

Attractants Component and its Effects

Chemical rodenticide is the main way of controlling pest, and its efficiency is affected by the rat species, natural factors, the stability of rodenticide as well as palatability of poison bait [5]. This study using oat and rapeseed oil mixture significantly improve the feeding rate (P < 0.05), the reason may be that the rapeseed oil has more rich flavor substance which lure the rodent effectively.

The Effect of Different Compound Poison Bait Containing Different Concentration of Type D Botox and Attractants

The compound poison bait containing Type D botox and attractant significantly improved type D botox deratization effect. Our attractant was made of scent and flavor food agent. In this way, it attracts Myospalax baileyi

Conclusion

The average density of E. baileyi Pallas in Hongyuan County was 36.22 individuals/hm2 which indicated that the pest was highly harmful to the grassland. The effect of D-type kreotoxin poisoning E. baileyi Pallas could be significantly improved with the attractant. In the future, we would like to continuously survey the dynamics of populations’ density and its driving reasons, and illustrate the spatial-temporal patterns, which will make insight into the mechanism and controlling strategy.

Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the national natural science foundation of China (31070380). The innovation research team program of the education department of Sichuan Province, 14TD0049, The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Southwest University for Nationalities, 2019XMJXPY07.

References

Yu H LFan J W, Li Y Z, Shi W J (2018) Effects of Myospalax baileyi disturbance on plant community at alpine meadow in Three Rivers Headwater Region, China. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 29(6): 1902- 1910.
Hong Jun, xinjiang, Lin Jun (2014) The natural grassland pest analysis and its prevention and control. Chinese Journal of grassland (3): 1-4.
Yang K, Li XD, Xu GW, Wei L, Meerburg BG (2016) Control of _Eospalax baileyi_ (Plateau Zokor) with arrow traps in western China. Pakistan J Zool 48(1): 125-129.
Baldwin RA, Meinerz R, Orloff SB (2014) The impact of attractants on pocket gopher trapping. Current Zoology 60(4): 472-478.
Jojola SM, Witmer GW, Burke PW (2009) Evaluation of attractants to improve trapping success of nutria on Louisiana coastal marsh. The Journal of Wildlife Management 73(8): 1414-1419.

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Population of Eospalax Baileyi Pallas and its Controls with Compound Poison Bait’s

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Rodent’s Density Survey

Attractants and Bait Components

Attractant and Type D Botox Compound Poison Bait as well as its Effects

Results

Myospalax Baileyi Pallas

The Feeding Rate with Different Type of Bait Component was Showed in Table 3

The Dead Rate Of Different Kinds of Poison Bait Upon Rodents

Attractants Component and its Effects

The Effect of Different Compound Poison Bait Containing Different Concentration of Type D Botox and Attractants

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

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