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International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology Research Article 22 min read

The Bees of Costa Rica and its Representation in two National Collections

Sánchez-Ocampo M* and Gomez-Moreno R*
* Corresponding author
ISSN: 2639-216X  10.23880/izab-16000617  Received: August 28, 2024  Published: September 17, 2024
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Keywords
Bumble Bees Carpenter Bees Cucu Bees Stingless Bees Oil Bees Orchid Bees Solitary Bees
Abstract

For decades, scientific studies related to wildlife have been little reviewed for national inventories, with birds and mammals being the only faunal groups that have official lists and specific numbers. Although it is true that species of insects and other invertebrates appear constantly, this is not an excuse for not having official lists of species reported for science. In this review, a total of 507 were found for Costa Rica, 7 of Andrenidae, 299 of Apidae, 30 of Colletidae, 106 of Halictidae and 65 of Megachilidae. Any other species outside of this list that has been found, collected in Costa Rican territory and is not on this list is a new report.

Sánchez-Ocampo M* and Gomez-Moreno R

Abbreviations

MNCR: National Museum of Costa Rica; MIUCR: Insect Museum of the Faculty of Agronomy of the University of Costa Rica.

Introduction

The question that the public always asks us biologists is about the number of species, whether from a particular place or in general for science; however, this question always takes us off base because we only have inaccurate estimates that leave the public with doubts. At the National Museum of Costa Rica (MNCR) there is a consultation portal to which the public has access, in order to establish an interaction between society and science, but these questions about exact numbers are often not correctly addressed, and the reason is very simple: unlike other groups, such as ornithologists, who keep exact lists that they update and review annually, in Costa Rica there is no society, institution or group that keeps these numbers for the bee group.

This work responds to the need expressed by many bee lovers in Costa Rica, who although they are not scientists, seek a checklist and an updated count. Likewise, for the research group, this represents an exact and quantitative check list with which to refer.

Methodology

To generate the official list, it was necessary to review the scientific literature that mentioned data on location and distribution, namely the following texts were considered: Timberlake PH [1], Friese H [2], Moure [3], Friese [4], Sánchez-Ocampo [5], Snelling [6], Crawford [7], Snelling, et al. [8], Thiele [9], Ayala, et al. [10], Cockerell [11], LaBerge [12], Urban [13], Lutz, et al. [14], Rebêlo, et al. [15], Moure, et al. [16], Cresson [17], Tiberlake [18], Sánchez-Ocampo

[19], Sánchez-Ocampo [20], Camargo, et al. [21], Wille, et al. [22], Wille, et al. [23], Roubik, et al. [24], Wille [25], Onuferko [26], Rightmyer [27], Schrottky [28], Shanks [29], Smith [30], Friese [31], Dusmet, et al. [32], Friese [33], Michener, et al. [34], Engel, et al. [35], Engel [36], Engel [37], Engel, et al. [38], Engel [39], Engel [40], Engel [41], Hanson, et al. [42], Smith-Pardo [43], Brosi, et al. [44], Moure [45], Vachal [46], Roberts [47], Roberts RB, et al. [48], Crawford [49], Strand [50], McGinley RJ [51], McGinley RJ [52], Dumesh [53], Eickwort, et al. [54], Schwarz HF [55], Urban D [56], Urban D [57], Cockerell [58], Mitchell TB [59], Rocha-Filho, et al. [60], Rocha-Filho, et al. [61], Snelling [62], Mitchell TB [63] and Titus [64], Hinojosa-Días, et al. [65], Eltz, et al. [66].

After generating the list of species, the collections of the National Museum of Costa Rica (MNCR) and the Insect Museum of the Faculty of Agronomy of the University of Costa Rica (MIUCR) were reviewed in order to verify whether there were any species that had not been previously reported for the country. The review of the specimens from both museums was done manually, corroborating drawer by drawer the identification of the specimens present in both collections identified at the species level.

The following numerical indicators are used in the list to identify the species that meet these conditions:

  • 1 (1) is given to the new reports for Costa Rica, made between 2023 and 2024 including this article.
  • 2 (2) to the species whose distribution range includes Costa Rica, but the collection of a specimen of that species in national territory has not been officially reported (through a scientific publication), but it is not ruled out that there are specimens in other collections.
  • 3 (3) is given to the species that up to the date of this publication are considered endemic to Costa Rica, because they have not yet been officially reported in another country, but again, this may be due to the fact that they have not yet been published.
  • Species represented in the MNCR collection are marked with a 4 (4) and those represented in MIUCR with a 5 (5).

Results

A total of 507 species reported in the scientific literature were found, to which at least four new species of the genus Euglossa will be added in the near future, which are currently being described, and are not incorporated into the final list because they are not published.

Due to the existence of many taxonomic nomenclatures and divisions in use, especially for Apidae, the nomenclature of Michener CD [67] is used below, with the exception of the species of the tribe Meliponini, for which the nomenclature of Engel MS, et al. [68] is used:

National Bee Inventory

A. Andrenidae

  1. Andrena (Callandrena) discreta Smith, 1879
  2. Calliopsis (Calliopsis) hondurasica Cockerell, 1949
  3. Heterosarus parvulus (Friese,

3. Bombus (Fervidobombus) digressus Milliron, 1962 4. Bombus (Fervidobombus) mexicanus Cresson, 1878 5. Bombus (Fervidobombus) pullatus Franklin, 1913 6. Bombus (Fervidobombus) weisi Friese, 1903 7. Bombus (Pyrobombus) ephippiatus Say, 1837 8. Bombus (Robustobombus) volucelloides Gribodo, 1892 9. Centris (Acritocentris) agilis Smith, 1874 10. Centris (Aphemisia) agiloides Snelling, 1984 11. Centris (Aphemisia) plumipes Smith, 18541,4

12. Centris (Aphemisia) scutellata Friese, 1900 13. Centris (Centris) adani Cockerell, 19494

14. Centris (Centris) aethiocesta Snelling, 19844

15. Centris (Centris) aethyctera Snelling, 19744,5

16. Centris (Centris) flavifrons (Fabricius, 1775)1,5

17. Centris (Centris) flavofasciata Friese, 18991,5

18. Centris (Centris) obscurior Michener, 19544

19. Centris (Centris) varia (Erichson, 1849)4,5

20. Centris (Hemisiella) facialis Mocsáry, 18994

21. Centris (Hemisiella) nitida Smith, 18744

22. Centris (Hemisiella) trigonoides Lepeletier, 18414

23. Centris (Hemisiella) vittata Lepeletier, 18414

24. Centris (Heterocentris) analis (Fabricius, 1804)4

25. Centris (Heterocentris) bicornuta Mocsáry, 18991,4

26. Centris (Heterocentris) difformis Smith, 1854 27. Centris (Heterocentris) labrosa Friese, 18994

28. Centris (Heterocentris) terminata Smith, 18741

29. Centris (Melanocentris) erubescens Friese, 1925 30. Centris (Melanocentris) melanochlaena Smith, 18744

31. Centris (Ptilocentris) festiva Smith, 18544

32. Centris (Trachina) fuscata Lepeletier, 1841 33. Centris (Trachina) heithausi Snelling, 1974 34. Centris (Trachina) labiata Friese, 1904 35. Centris (Trachina) longimana Fabricius, 18044

36. Centris (Trachina) proxima Friese, 1899 37. Centris (Trachina) similis (Fabricius, 1804)4

38. Centris (Trachina) vidua Mocsáry, 1899 39. Centris (Trichocentris) atripes Mocsáry, 1899 40. Centris (Xanthemisia) bicolor Lepeletier, 1841 41. Centris (Xanthemisia) carolae Snelling, 1966 42. Centris (Xanthemisia) lutea Friese, 18994

43. Cephalotrigona zexmeniae (Cockerell, 1912)4,5

44. Ceratina alpestre Friese, 1910 45. Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris (Fabricius, 1804) 46. Ceratina (Calloceratina) currani Schwarz, 1934 47. Ceratina (Calloceratina) dimidiata Friese, 1910 48. Ceratina (Calloceratina) eximia Smith, 1862 49. Ceratina (Ceratinula) aenescens Friese, 1916 50. Ceratina (Ceratinula) auriviridis Smith, 1907 51. Ceratina (Ceratinula) buscki Cockerell, 19191

52. Ceratina (Ceratinula) fumipennis Friese, 19163

53. Ceratina (Ceratinula) rectangulifera Schwarz & Mi- chener, 1954 54. Ceratina (Ceratinula) singularis Friese, 19163

55. Ceratina (Ceratinula) trimaculata Friese, 1916 56. Ceratina (Crewella) aeneiceps Friese, 19163

57. Ceratina (Crewella) claripennis Friese, 19163

58. Ceratina virescens Friese, 1910 59. Ceratina (Zadontomerus) abdominalis Smith, 19073

60. Ceratina (Zadontomerus) ignara Cresson, 1878 61. Ceratina (Zadontomerus) nigriventris Friese, 1916 62. Coelioxoides punctipennis Cresson, 1878 63. Ctenioschelus chalcodes Thiele, 2005 64. Ctenioschelus goryi (Romand, 1840) 65. Deltoptila costaricensis (Friese, 1916) 66. Dolichotrigona schulthessi (Friese, 1900)4

67. Epeolus luteipennis Friese, 1916 68. Epicharis (Epicharis) angulosa Snelling, 19844

69. Epicharis (Epicharis) bova Snelling, 1984 70. Epicharis (Epicharis) elegans Smith, 1861 71. Epicharis (Epicharis) rustica (Olivier, 1789) 72. Epicharis (Epicharoides) albofasciata Smith, 1874 73. Epicharis (Epicharoides) maculata Smith, 18744

74. Epicharis (Hoplepicharis) fasciata Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 75. Epicharis (Hoplepicharis) lunulata Mocsáry, 18984

76. Epicharis (Parepicharis) metatarsalis Friese, 1899 77. Eufriesea anisochlora (Kimsey, 1977)1,4

78. Eufriesea chrysopyga (Mocsáry, 1898) 79. Eufriesea coerulescens (Lepeletier, 1841) 80. Eufriesea concava (Friese, 1899)4,5

81. Eufriesea corusca (Kimsey, 1977)1,4

82. Eufriesea lucifera Kimsey, 1977 83. Eufriesea mexicana (Mocsáry, 1897)4

84. Eufriesea macroglossa (Moure, 1965)4

85. Eufriesea mussitans (Fabricius, 1787)2,4

86. Eufriesea nigrescens (Friese, 1923) 87. Eufriesea ornata (Mocsáry, 1896) 88. Eufriesea pallida (Kimsey, 1977)1,4

89. Eufriesea pulchra (Smith, 1854) 90. Eufriesea purpurata (Mocsáry, 1896) 91. Eufriesea rufocauda (Kimsey, 1977)1,4

92. Eufriesea rugosa (Friese, 1899) 93. Eufriesea schmidtiana (Friese, 1925)4,5

94. Eufriesea surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758)4

95. Euglossa (Dasystilbe) obrima (Hinojosa-Díaz, Melo and Engel, 2011) 96. Euglossa (Euglossa) alleni Moure, 1968 97. Euglossa (Euglossa) azureoviridis Friese, 19304

98. Euglossa (Euglossa) championi Cheesman, 19294,5

99. Euglossa (Euglossa) cognata Moure, 19702,4

100. Euglossa (Euglossa) cordata (Linnaeus, 1758) 101. Euglossa (Euglossa) cybelia Moure, 19684,5

102. Euglossa (Euglossa) deceptrix Moure, 19681,2,4,5

103. Euglossa (Euglossa) despecta Moure, 19681,4

104. Euglossa (Euglossa) dilemma Bembé & Eltz, 2011 105. Euglossa (Euglossa) dissimula Dressler, 19781,4

106. Euglossa (Euglossa) erythrochlora Moure, 19682,4,5

107. Euglossa (Euglossa) hansoni Moure, 19651,4,5

108. Euglossa (Euglossa) hemichlora Cockerell, 1917 109. Euglossa (Euglossa) heterosticta Moure, 19684

110. Euglossa (Euglossa) igniventris Friese, 19254,5

111. Euglossa (Euglossa) maculilabris Moure, 19684,5

112. Euglossa (Euglossa) micans Dressler, 1978 113. Euglossa (Euglossa) milenae Bembé, 2007 114. Euglossa (Euglossa) mixta Friese, 1899 4,5

115. Euglossa (Euglossa) purpurea Friese, 18994,5

116. Euglossa (Euglossa) townsendi Cockerell, 19041,4

117. Euglossa (Euglossa) tridentata Moure, 19704,5

118. Euglossa (Euglossa) variabilis Friese, 18994,5

119. Euglossa (Euglossa) viridissima Friese, 18994,5

120. Euglossa (Euglossella) cyanura Cockerell, 19174

121. Euglossa (Glossura) allosticta Moure, 19691,2,4,5

122. Euglossa (Glossura) asarophora Moure & Sakagami, 19691,4,5

123. Euglossa (Glossura) flammea Moure, 19694,5

124. Euglossa (Glossura) ignita Smith, 18745

125. Euglossa (Glossura) imperialis Cockerell, 19224,5

126. Euglossa (Glossurella) bursigera Moure, 19701,4,5

127. Euglossa (Glossurella) crassipunctata Moure, 19681,4

128. Euglossa (Glossurella) dodsoni Moure, 19654,5

129. Euglossa (Glossurella) gorgonensis Cheesman, 19294,5

130. Euglossa (Glossurella) oleolucens Dressler, 19784

131. Euglossa (Glossurella) sapphirina Moure, 19684,5

132. Euglossa (Glossurella) turbinifex Dressler, 19781,4

133. Eulaema (Apeulaema) cingulata (Fabricius, 1804)4,5

134. Eulaema (Apeulaema) nigrita Lepeletier, 18414,5

135. Eulaema (Apeulaema) polychroma (Mocsáry, 1899)4,5

136. Eulaema (Apeulaema) speciosa (Mocsáry, 1897)4,5

137. Eulaema (Eulaema) bombiformis (Packard, 1869)4,5

138. Eulaema (Eulaema) leucopyga Friese, 18984

139. Eulaema (Eulaema) luteola Moure, 19674

140. Eulaema (Eulaema) meriana (Olivier, 1789)4,5

141. Eulaema (Eulaema) quadrifasciata (Friese, 1903) 142. Eulaema (Eulaema) seabrai Moure, 19604,5

143. Eulaema (Eulaema) terminata Smith, 1874 144. Exaerete dentata (Linnaeus, 1758)4

145. Exaerete frontalis (Guérin, 1844)1,4

146. Exaerete smaragdina (Guérin, 1844)4,5

147. Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) aequalis Timberlake, 1980 148. Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) analis Spinola, 1853 149. Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) badioventris Timberlake, 1980 150. Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) compta Timberlake, 19802

151. Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) digressa Timberlake, 1980 152. Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) fumipennis Timberlake, 1980 153. Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) mellipes Cresson, 1878 154. Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) otomita Cresson, 1878 155. Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) planiceps Smith, 1879 156. Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) pulchella Cresson, 1865 157. Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) robertsi Timberlake, 1980 158. Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) similis Cresson, 1865 159. Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) subtilis Timberlake, 1980 160. Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) tepaneca Cresson, 1878 161. Frieseomelitta nigra (Cresson, 1878) 162. Frieseomelitta paupera (Provancher, 1888)4

163. Gaesischia (Gaesischiana) exul Michener, LaBerge & Moure, 1951

164. Geotrigona chiriquiensis (Schwarz, 1951) 165. Geotrigona lutzi Camargo & Moure, 19964

166. Leiopodus lacertinus Smith, 1854 167. Lestrimelitta danuncia Oliveira & Marchi, 20054

168. Lestrimelitta mourei Oliveira & Marchi, 2005 169. Lophopedia apicalis (Cresson, 1878) 170. Lophopedia klugi (Friese, 1899) 171. Lophopedia pygmaea (Schrottky, 1902) 172. Melipona (Melikerria) beecheii Bennett, 18314,5

173. Melipona (Melipona) yucatanica Camargo, Moure & Roubik, 19885

174. Melissodes (Ecplectica) nigroaenea (Smith, 1854) 175. Melissodes (Eumelissodes) persimilis Cockerell, 19491

176. Melissodes (Melissodes) tepaneca Cresson, 1878 177. Melipona (Meliponiella) carrikeri Cockerell, 19194

178. Melipona (Michmelia) costaricensis Cockerell, 19194

179. Melipona (Michmelia) panamica Cockerell, 1912 180. Melipona (Michmelia) fallax Camargo & Pedro, 20084

181. Melitoma marginella (Cresson, 1872)1

182. Melitoma nudicauda Cockerell, 1949 183. Melitoma segmentaria (Fabricius, 1804) 184. Meliwillea bivea Roubik, Lobo & Camargo, 19973,4

185. Mesoplia decorata (Smith, 1854)2

186. Mesoplia rufipes (Perty, 1833)1

187. Mesocheira bicolor (Fabricius, 1804) 188. Mesoplia rufipes (Perty, 1833)1.5

189. Mesoplia sapphirina Melo & Rocha-Filho, 2011 190. Monoeca mexicana (Radoszkowski, 1884) 191. Monoeca pyropyga (Friese, 1925) 192. Nannotrigona mellaria (Smith, 1862)4,5

193. Nannotrigona perilampoides (Cresson, 1878)4,5

194. Nasutopedia morena Aguiar, 2018 195. Nogueirapis costaricana Ayala & Engel, 20143

196. Nogueirapis mirandula (Cockerell, 1917)4,5

197. Nomada confusa Schwarz & Gusenleitner, 2004 198. Nomada costaricensis Schrottky, 19203,5

199. Nomada flavescens Friese, 19163

200. Nomada nigrescens Friese, 1921 201. Nomada rugicollis Friese, 1916 202. Nomada xanthopus Friese, 19213

203. Osiris atriventris Friese, 19301

204. Osiris barrocoloradensis Schwarz, 1934 205. Osiris boliviensis Friese, 1930 206. Osiris fasciatus (Radoszkowski, 1884)1

207. Osiris marginatus Cresson, 1878 208. Osiris mourei Michener, 1954 209. Osiris panamensis Cockerell, 1919 210. Osiris stenolobus Shanks, 1986 211. Osiris tarsatus Smith, 1879 212. Oxytrigona daemoniaca Camargo, 19844

213. Oxytrigona mellicolor (Packard, 1869)4,5

214. Paratetrapedia albilabris (Friese, 1916)3

215. Paratetrapedia bifrons Aguiar & Melo, 2011 216. Paratetrapedia calcarata (Cresson, 1878) 217. Paratetrapedia chocoensis Aguiar & Melo, 2011 218. Paratetrapedia connexa (Vachal, 1909) 219. Paratetrapedia flavescens Aguiar & Melo, 2011 220. Paratetrapedia moesta (Cresson, 1878) 221. Paratrigona guatemalensis (Schwarz, 1938)5

222. Paratrigona lophocoryphe Moure, 19634,5

223. Paratrigona opaca (Cockerell, 1917)4,5

224. Paratrigona ornaticeps (Schwarz, 1938)4,5

225. Partamona grandipennis (Schwarz, 1951)4,5

226. Partamona musarum (Cockerell, 1917)4,5

227. Partamona orizabaensis (Strand, 1919)4

228. Peponapis apiculata (Cresson, 1878) 229. Peponapis crassidentata (Cockerell, 1949)5

230. Peponapis fervens (Smith, 1879) 231. Peponapis limitaris (Cockerell, 1906)5

232. Peponapis parkeri Ayala & Griswold, 2012 233. Peponapis utahensis (Cockerell, 1905)5

234. Plebeia franki (Friese, 1900) 235. Plebeia frontalis (Friese, 1911)4

236. Plebeia jatiformis (Cockerell, 1912)4,5

237. Plebeia mínima Gribodo, 18934

238. Plebeia pulchra Ayala, 19994

239. Plebeia tica (Wille, 1969)5

240. Ptilotrigona occidentalis (Schulz, 1904)4

241. Rhathymus acutiventris Friese, 1906 242. Scaptotrigona luteipennis (Friese, 1902)4,5

243. Scaptotrigona mexicana (Guérin, 1844)5

244. Scaptotrigona panamensis (Cockerell, 1913) 245. Scaptotrigona pectoralis (Dalla Torre, 1896)5

246. Scaptotrigona subobscuripennis (Schwarz, 1951)4,5

247. Scaptotrigona wheeleri (Cockerell, 1913) 248. Scaura argyrea (Cockerell, 1912)4

249. Tetragona perangulata (Cockerell, 1917)4

250. Tetragona ziegleri (Friese, 1900)4

251. Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811)4,5

252. Tetragonisca buchwaldi (Friese, 1925)4

253. Tetraloniella cacuminis LaBerge, 2001 254. Tetraloniella donata (Cresson, 1878) 255. Tetraloniella flavifasciata (Cockerell, 1949) 256. Tetraloniella fulvotecta (Cockerell, 1949)* 257. Tetraloniella perconcinna (Cockerell, 1949) 258. Tetrapedia diversipes Klug, 1810 259. Thalestria spinosa (Fabricius, 1804) 260. Thygater (Thygater) aethiops (Smith, 1854) 261. Thygater (Thygater) analis (Lepeletier, 1841) 262. Thygater (Thygater) cockerelli (Crawford, 1906) 263. Thygater (Thygater) crawfordi Urban, 1967 264. Thygater (Thygater) rubricata (Smith, 1879) 265. Trigona cilipes (Fabricius, 1804)4,5

266. Trigona corvina Cockerell, 1913 4,5

267. Trigona ferricauda Cockerell, 19174,5

268. Trigona fulviventris Guérin, 18444,5

269. Trigona fuscipennis Friese, 19005

270. Trigona muzoensis Schwarz, 19484

271. Trigona necrophaga Camargo & Roubik, 19914

272. Trigona nigerrima Cresson, 18784,5

273. Trigona silvestriana (Vachal, 1908)4

274. Trigonisca atomaria (Cockerell, 1917)5

275. Trigonisca discolor (Wille, 1965)4,5

276. Triepeolus antiguensis Cockerell, 1949 277. Triepeolus aztecus (Cresson, 1878) 278. Triepeolus cameroni (Meade-Waldo, 1913) 279. Triepeolus epeolurus Rightmyer, 2004 280. Triepeolus flavigradus Rightmyer, 2008 281. Triepeolus metatarsalis (Friese, 1921)3

282. Triepeolus osiriformis (Schrottky, 1910) 283. Triepeolus parkeri Rightmyer, 20083

284. Triepeolus zacatecus (Cresson, 1878) 285. Trophocleptria fumipennis (Say, 1837) 286. Trophocleptria schraderi Michener, 19543

287. Xenoglossa gabbii (Cresson, 1878)5

288. Xylocopa (Calloxylocopa) tenuata Smith, 18745

289. Xylocopa (Megaxylocopa) fimbriata Fabricius, 18044

290. Xylocopa (Megaxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier, 1789)4

291. Xylocopa (Megaxylocopa) nautlana Cockerell, 19044

292. Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) gualanensis Cockerell, 19124,5

293. Xylocopa (Notoxylocopa) tabaniformis Smith, 18544,5

294. Xylocopa (Schonnherria) barbatella Cockerell, 19314

295. Xylocopa (Schonnherria) lateralis Say, 18374

296. Xylocopa (Schonnherria) muscaria (Fabricius, 1775) 297. Xylocopa (Schonnherria) subvirescens Cresson, 18794,5

298. Xylocopa (Schonnherria) viridis Smith, 1854 299. Xylocopa (Stenoxylocopa) strandi Dusmet & Alonso, 19244 C. Colletidae 1. Chilicola (Anoediscelis) ashmeadi (Crawford, 1906)5

2. Colletes bruneri Swenk, 19043

3. Colletes costaricensis Friese, 1916 4. Colletes niger Swenk, 1904 5. Colletes nigrior Michener, 19542

6. Colletes spilopterus Cockerell, 1917 7. Crawfordapis crawfordi (Cockerell, 1919) 8. Crawfordapis luctuosa (Smith, 1861)1,4

9. Hylaeus (Hylaeana) costaricensis (Friese, 1916)3

10. Hylaeus (Hylaeana) panamensis Michener, 19542

11. Hylaeus (Hylaeana) rufoclypeatus (Friese, 1916) 12. Hylaeus (Hylaeana) trivittatus (Friese, 1916)3

13. Hylaeus (Hylaeopsis) callosulus Meade-Waldo, 19233

14. Hylaeus (Hylaeopsis) gualanicus (Cockerell, 1912) 15. Hylaeus (Hylaeopsis) maculosus (Friese, 1921)3

16. Hylaeus (Hylaeopsis) opaciventris (Friese, 1925)3

17. Hylaeus (Hylaeopsis) titanius (Friese, 1925)3

18. Ptiloglossa buchwaldi Friese, 1908 19. Ptiloglossa costaricana Moure, 19453,4,5

20. Ptiloglossa eximia (Smith, 1861)1,4

21. Ptiloglossa fulvopilosa (Cameron, 1903)2

22. Ptiloglossa guinnae Roberts, 19713

23. Ptiloglossa hoplopoda Moure, 19891,4

24. Ptiloglossa mayarum Cockerell, 19122,5

25. Ptiloglossa mexicana (Cresson, 1878)2,4

26. Ptiloglossa rugata Moure, 19451,4

27. Ptiloglossa thoracica (Fox, 1895)1,4

28. Rhynchocolletes brevipes (Friese, 1922)3

29. Zikanapis inbio (Michener, Engel & Ayala, 2003)3

30. Zikanapis rozenorum (Michener, Engel & Ayala, 2003)3,4

D. Halictidae 1. Agapostemon (Agapostemon) aenigma Roberts, 1972 2. Agapostemon (Agapostemon) cockerelli Crawford, 19015

3. Agapostemon (Agapostemon) texanus Cresson, 1872 4. Agapostemon (Notagapostemon) atrocaeruleus Friese, 19165

5. Agapostemon (Notagapostemon) intermedius Roberts, 1972 6. Agapostemon (Notagapostemon) leunculus (Vachal, 1903) 7. Agapostemon (Notagapostemon) nasutus Smith, 18535

8. Agapostemonoides hurdi Roberts & Brooks, 19874

9. Andinaugochlora centralpina Engel & Smith-Pardo, 20043

10. Augochlora (Augochlora) albiceps Friese, 1925 11. Augochlora (Augochlora) caerulescens Friese, 1921 12. Augochlora (Augochlora) esox (Vachal, 1911) 2

13. Augochlora (Augochlora) foxiana Cockerell, 19002

14. Augochlora (Augochlora) glabricollis Friese, 1916 15. Augochlora (Augochlora) hallinani Michener, 1954 16. Augochlora (Augochlora) nigrocyanea Cockerell, 18972

17. Augochlora (Augochlora) obscuriceps Friese, 19253

18. Augochlora (Augochlora) quiriguensis Cockerell, 19132

19. Augochlora (Augochlora) sidaefoliae Cockerell, 1913

20. Augochlora (Augochlora) smaragdina Friese, 1916 21. Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) antonita Michener, 1954 22. Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) aurifera Cockerell, 18972

23. Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) cordiaefloris Cockerell, 1907 24. Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) cymatoides (Vachal, 1911)2

25. Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) ectasis (Vachal, 1911) 26. Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) fulgidana Friese, 19253

27. Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) fulvilabris Friese, 19163

28. Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) morrae Strand, 1910 29. Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) nominata Michener, 1954 30. Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) thalia Smith, 1879 31. Augochlorella comis (Vachal, 1911) 32. Augochlorella neglectula (Cockerell, 1897)2

33. Augochlorella pomoniella (Cockerell, 1915) 34. Augochloropsis auriventris (Friese, 1921) 35. Augochloropsis cyanescens (Friese, 1916)3

36. Augochloropsis ignita (Smith, 1861)2,5

37. Augochloropsis johannae (Friese, 1916)3

38. Augochloropsis metallica (Fabricius, 1793)5

39. Augochloropsis pallitarsis (Friese, 1916)3

40. Austrosphecodes costaricensis (Friese, 1916) 41. Caenaugochlora (Caenaugochlora) costaricensis (Friese, 1916)3

42. Caenaugochlora (Caenaugochlora) elisabethae Engel, 19974

43. Caenaugochlora (Caenaugochlora) gemmella (Cocker- ell, 1912) 44. Caenaugochlora (Caenaugochlora) leoi Engel, 20143

45. Caenaugochlora (Ctenaugochlora) beethoveni Engel, 19963

46. Caenaugochlora (Ctenaugochlora) donnae Engel, 1996 47. Caenaugochlora (Ctenaugochlora) perviridis Engel & Gonçalves, 2010 48. Chlerogella anthonoma Engel, 20093

49. Chlerogella kellieae Engel, 20093

50. Chlerogella pinocchio Engel, 20093

51. Dialictus aeneiventris (Friese, 1916)3

52. Dialictus aeneus (Friese, 1916) 53. Dialictus atrazureus Moure and Hurd, 1987 54. Dialictus chalybaeus (Friese, 1916) 55. Dialictus chrysonotus (Ellis, 1914) 56. Dialictus cinereus (Friese, 1916)3

57. Dialictus costaricensis Crawford, 1906 58. Dialictus cupreicollis (Friese, 1916) 59. Dialictus figueresi (Wcislo, 1990)3,4

60. Dialictus indistinctus (Crawford, 1906)3

61. Dialictus lustricollis Moure and Hurd, 1987 62. Dialictus nigroaeneus (Friese, 1916)3

63. Dialictus obscurior (Friese, 1925)3

64. Dialictus obscuripes (Friese, 1916)3

65. Dialictus rufoaeneus (Friese, 1925)3

66. Dialictus sudus (Vachal, 1904)

67. Dialictus surrubresensis (Strand, 1921)3

68. Dialictus umbripennis (Ellis, 1913) 69. Dinagapostemon costaricensis Roberts & Brooks, 19873

70. Dinagapostemon orestes Roberts & Brooks, 1987 71. Eickwortia alexanderi McGinley, 19993

72. Eickwortia eickworti McGinley, 1986 73. Evylaeus biciliatum (Friese, 1916) 74. Evylaeus pseudopectoralis (Cockerell, 1896) 75. Habralictus metallicus (Friese, 1916)3

76. Halictus (Halictus) ligatus Say, 18374

77. Halictus (Pachyceble) hesperus Smith, 18625

78. Halictus (Pachyceble) lutescens Friese, 19214

79. Lasioglossum amnestum Moure and Hurd, 1987 80. Lasioglossum costale (Vachal, 1904) 81. Lasioglossum crocoturum (Vachal, 1904) 82. Lasioglossum katyae McGinley, 1986 83. Lasioglossum uyacicola (Cockerell, 1949) 84. Megalopta amoena (Spinola, 1853)1,4

85. Megalopta atra Engel, 20064

86. Megalopta byroni Engel, Brooks & Yanega, 19971,4

87. Megalopta genalis Meade-Waldo, 191621,4

88. Megaloptina chibchani (Engel, 2013) 89. Mexalictus (Mexalictus) hansoni Dumesh, 2013 90. Microsphecodes kathleenae (Eickwort, 1972) 91. Neocorynura centroamericana Smith-Pardo, 2005 92. Neocorynura cribrita Smith-Pardo, 2005 93. Neocorynura fumipennis (Friese, 1916) 94. Neocorynura monozona (Friese, 1916)3

95. Neocorynura pubescens (Friese, 1916)5

96. Neocorynura tica Smith-Pardo, 20063

97. Neocorynura unicincta (Friese, 1916) 98. Pereirapis semiaurata (Spinola, 1853)1,4

99. Pseudaugochlora graminea (Fabricius, 1804)5

100. Pseudaugochlora sordicutis (Vachal, 1904) 101. Ptilocleptis tomentosa Michener, 1978 102. Rhinetula denticrus Friese, 19224

103. Sphecodes aeneiceps Friese, 19163

104. Sphecodes clypeatus Friese, 19163

105. Temnosoma smaragdinum Smith, 1879 106. Xenochlora ianthina (Smith, 1861)1,4

E. Megachilidae

  1. Anthidium hallinani Schwarz, 1933
  2. Anthodioctes calcaratus (Friese,

4. Coelioxys (Acrocoelioxys) azteca Cresson, 18784

5. Coelioxys (Acrocoelioxys) laevigata Smith, 1854 6. Coelioxys (Acrocoelioxys) otomita Cresson, 1878 7. Coelioxys (Acrocoelioxys) tolteca Cresson, 18784

8. Coelioxys (Boreocoelioxys) pratti Crawford, 1914 9. Coelioxys (Boreocoelioxys) schmidti Friese, 1916 10. Coelioxys (Cyrtocoelioxys) burgdorfi Cockerell, 193133

11. Coelioxys (Cyrtocoelioxys) chichimeca Cresson, 18782 12. Coelioxys (Glyptocoelioxys) chacoensis Holmberg, 19032

13. Coelioxys (Cyrtocoelioxys) costaricensis Cockerell, 1914 14. Coelioxys (Cyrtocoelioxys) sanguinicollis Friese, 1921 15. Coelioxys (Cyrtocoelioxys) sanguinosa Cockerell, 1912 16. Coelioxys (Glyptocoelioxys) mexicana Cresson, 18784

17. Coelioxys (Neocoelioxys) albifrons Friese, 1916 18. Coelioxys (Neocoelioxys) praetextata Haliday, 1836 19. Coelioxys (Neocoelioxys) simillima Smith, 1854 20. Coelioxys (Platycoelioxys) alatiformis Friese, 1921 21. Coelioxys (Rhinocoelioxys) nasidens Friese, 1921 22. Coelioxys (Rhinocoelioxys) zapoteca Cresson, 18784

23. Dolichostelis costaricensis (Friese, 1921) 24. Duckeanthidium thielei Michener, 20023

25. Heriades (Neotrypetes) bruneri Titus, 1904 26. Hoplostelis bivittata (Cresson, 1878) 27. Hoplostelis gabrieli Urban, 2003 28. Hypanthidium costaricense (Friese, 1916) 29. Lithurgopsis planifrons (Friese, 1908) 30. Loyolanthidium apicale (Cresson, 1878) 31. Loyolanthidium bilobatum (Friese, 1916) 32. Megachile (Acentron) candida Smith, 18792

33. Megachile (Acentron) candidella Mitchell, 19302

34. Megachile (Acentron) costaricensis Friese, 19163

35. Megachile aurorea Friese, 1916 36. Megachile (Austromegachile) antiqua Mitchell, 19302

37. Megachile (Austromegachile) exaltata Smith, 18531,5

38. Megachile (Austromegachile) habilis Mitchell, 19302

39. Megachile brunneipennis Friese, 1916 40. Megachile (Chelostomoides) abacula Cresson, 1878 41. Megachile (Chelostomoides) axyx (Snelling, 1990)3

42. Megachile (Chelostomoides) otomita Cresson, 1878 43. Megachile (Chelostomoides) peruviana Smith, 18792

44. Megachile (Chelostomoides) texensis Mitchell, 1956 45. Megachile (Chrysosarus) vestis Mitchell, 1930 46. Megachile clariceps Friese, 1916 47. Megachile (Cressoniella) boliviensis Friese, 1916 48. Megachile (Cressoniella) redondensis Mitchell, 1930 49. Megachile (Cressoniella) zapoteca Cresson, 1878 50. Megachile croceipennis Friese, 1916 51. Megachile joseana Friese, 19163

52. Megachile (Leptorachis) friesei Schrottky, 1902 53. Megachile (Leptorachis) mexicana Cresson, 18782

54. Megachile (Leptorachis) paulistana Schrottky, 19022

55. Megachile (Leptorachis) schmidti Friese, 1916 56. Megachile (Moureapis) viator Mitchell, 19303

57. Megachile (Neochelynia) alta Mitchell, 19303

58. Megachile (Neochelynia) fumata Mitchell, 1930 59. Megachile (Sayapis) zaptlana Cresson, 18782

60. Megachile (Tylomegachile) toluca Cresson, 18781,5

61. Nananthidium gualanense (Cockerell, 1912) 62. Osmia (Diceratosmia) azteca Cresson, 1878 63. Osmia (Diceratosmia) costaricensis Friese, 19253

64. Paranthidium gabbii (Cresson, 1878) 65. Rapanthidium vespoides (Friese, 1925)

Discussion

Although this group of hymenoptera has very few national specialists, the total representation of species in official collections is quite low, so that the MNCR barely has a representation of 30% of the total species and the MIUCR with 13% (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Representation of the Costa Rica bees in the two collections.
Click to enlarge
Figure 1: Representation of the Costa Rica bees in the two collections.

We could say that the MIUCR collection is actually quite complete considering that it is a collection with an agronomic focus, and the most important groups and species are well represented, some even with many specimens. The only thing needed is digitalization to allow better management of the specimens and their geographic data, since it was not possible to generate a collection map because it did not have coordinate data, which makes extra work necessary to search for the locations.

It is important to emphasize that at least in the MNCR collection, there are many genera that have not yet been worked on, so the percentage of representation will increase as well as the records for the country, since this is not only the largest collection, but, having been born under the objective of a national inventory of species, with the former National Institute of Biodiversity (INBio), it has an important representation of almost the entire territory of Costa Rica (Figure 2).

The 35 genera of the MNCR that have not yet been fully worked on are the following: Centris Fabricius, 1804, Epeolus Latreille, 1802, Epicharis Klug, 1807, Florilegus Robertson, 1900, Gaesischia Michener, LaBerge & Moure,

1955, Melissodes Latreille, 1829, Melissoptila Holmberg, 1884, Melitoma Lepeletier & Serville, 1828, Monoeca Lepeletier & Serville, 1828, Odyneropsis Schrottky, 1902, Svastra Holmberg, 1884 and Thygater Holmberg, 1884.

Figure 2: Recollection events of the specimens of Apoidea of MNCR since 1989 to 2024.
Click to enlarge
Figure 2: Recollection events of the specimens of Apoidea of MNCR since 1989 to 2024.

It is important to mention that the zoology collection of the School of Biology of the University of Costa Rica (ZBUCR) was not reviewed because it is in the digitalization phase, which will have public data until 2025, but it is a collection with very important data and specimens.

Conclusions

  • Although a complete list of species was achieved, it is important to note that this is only a baseline reference, which includes exclusively the species officially reported in the literature, or those that have representatives in national collections.
  • It is practically a given that there are many species that are not on this list, some of them are in the process of being described or may have been deposited and identified in foreign collections and not have been reported in scientific literature.
  • There are many thesis projects, both national and international, in which it is possible that Costa Rican species have been described or identified and these results have not yet been published scientifically.
  • The species represented in the MNCR and MIUCR collections will increase as work is done on the genera that are still uncurated due to a lack of specialists.

Acknowledgement

To the curator Andrés Arias for allowing the complete review of the MIUCR bee collection, and to Andrés Duarte for preparing and providing the collection map of the bee specimens in the MNCR collections.

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@article{snchezocampo2024,
  title   = {The Bees of Costa Rica and its Representation in two National
Collections},
  author  = {Sánchez-Ocampo M* and Gomez-Moreno R},
  journal = {International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology},
  year    = {2024},
  volume  = {7},
  number  = {5},
  doi     = {10.23880/izab-16000617}
}
Sánchez-Ocampo M* and Gomez-Moreno R (2024). The Bees of Costa Rica and its Representation in two National
Collections. International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000617
TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Bees of Costa Rica and its Representation in two National
Collections
AU  - Sánchez-Ocampo M* and Gomez-Moreno R
JO  - International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology
PY  - 2024
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
DO  - 10.23880/izab-16000617
ER  -