Biodiversity of the Family Gelechiidae in the Korean Peninsula
The family Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea) is a poorly known group of microlepidoptera, even though it is one of the highly diverse groups containing more than 5,000 known species worldwide. In this article, the family in the Korean Peninsula is reviewed, with a total of 215 known species, belonging 67 genera and four subfamilies.
Introduction
The family Gelechiidae is one of the largest and least known families of micromoths, comprising more than 5,000 known species, belonging to about 500 genera in the word. Adults are usually small to medium size (wingspan of 8–25 mm) and the family are recognized as gelechiid by their scaled proboscis, strongly recurved labial palpus, and the hindwing with sharply produced apex. Larvae of the family have a wide diversity of feeding habits, as leaf- rollers, leaf-miners or feed within seeds and stem galls. including well-known agricultural pests, S. cerealella Oliver and P. gossypiella Saunders. Since Meyrick [1] proposed the suprageneric classification of Gelechiidae, dividing the family into nine genus-groups, which later acquired subfamily rank, various attempts have been made to obtain the comprehensive phylogeny of Gelechiidae, mainly in unifying or dividing the existing subfamilies. Hodges [2] proposed three subfamilies: Geleiinae, Dichomeridinae and Pexicopiinae, and subsequently he [3] added a new subfamily Physoptilinae. On the other hand, Ponomarenko [4] proposed four subfamilies: Anomologinae Gelechiinae, Anacampsinae, and Dichomeridinae. However, the classification of the family is still far from resolved, due to their morphological complexities: the extremely diverse genital structures among genera or species and the inconspicuous external appearance of adults have made the phylogenetic analysis extremely difficult.
In Korea, the first species of the family described was Bryotropha sevenssoni Park [5] and followed by Parachronistis jiriensis Park and P. sellaris Park [6]. Since a comprehensive review of the family in the Korean Peninisula, enumerating a total of 172 species, was published by Park et al. [7], Park [8, 9] reported a total of 181 species of the family in the series of the “Insect fauna of Korea”. After these publications, additional 34 species have been added by following authors, inluding Park et al. [10], Bae et al. [11], Park et al. [12], Park et al. [13], Kim et al. [14], Park et al. [15], Lee et al. [16], and Lee et al. [17]. Consequently, the total number of the species of Gelechiidae in the Korean Peninsula is recognized with 215 known species (Table 1).
| Subfamily/genus | No. of species |
|---|---|
| Subfamily Anomologinae | |
| Deltophora Janse, 1950 | 2 |
| Metzneria Zeller, 1839 | 3 |
| Argolamprotes Benander, 1945 | 1 |
| Monochroa Heinemann, 1870 | 8 |
| Euramprotes Bradley, 1971 | 1 |
| Daltopora Povolný 1979 | 1 |
| Chrysoesthia Hübner, 1825 | 2 |
| Caulastrocecis Chretien, 1931 | 1 |
| Stegasta Meyrick, 1904 | 1 |
| Aristotelia Hübner, 1825 | 2 |
| Thiotricha Meyrick, 1886 | 10 |
| Palumbina Rondani, 1876 | 1 |
| Tenupalpa Lee et Li, 2021 | 2 |
| Pulchrala Lee et Li, 2021 | 1 |
| Xystophora Wocke, [1876] | 1 |
| Photodotis Meyrick, 1911 | 2 |
| Bryotropha Heinemann, 1870 | 2 |
| Pexicopia Common, 1958 | 1 |
| Pectinophora Busk, 1917 | 1 |
| Sitotroga Heinemann, 1870 | 3 |
| Megacraspedus Zeller, 1839 | 1 |
| *Sitotrogoides Sohn, Ponomarenko, Sakamaki, 2019 | 1 |
| Subfamily Gelechiinae | |
| Gelechia Hübner [1825] | 2 |
| Psoricoptera Stainton, 1854 | 2 |
| Chionodes Hübner [1825] | 2 |
| Aroga Busk, 1914 | 3 |
| Athrips Bilberg, 1820 | 2 |
| Evippe Chambers, 1873 | 2 |
| Trichembola Meyrick, 1918 | 1 |
| Gnorimoschema Busk, 1900 | 3 |
| Scrobipalpa Janse, 1951 | 7 |
| Euscrobipalpa Povolný 1970 | 1 |
| Phthorimaea Meyrick, 1902 | 1 |
| Hedma Dumont, 1932 | 1 |
| Caryocolum Gregor & Povolny, 1954 | 2 |
| Recurvaria Haworth, 1828 | 1 |
| Nuntia Omelko, 1995 | 1 |
| Stenolechia Meyrick, 1894 | 5 |
| Parastenolechia Kanazawa, 1985 | 7 |
| Angustialata Omelko, 1988 | 1 |
| Parachronistis Meyrick, 1925 | 4 |
| Protoparachronistis Omelko, 1986 | 2 |
| Chorivalva Omelko, 1988 | 4 |
| Teleiodes Sattler, 1960 | 12 |
| Carpatolechia Capuse, 1964 | 12 |
| Teleiopsis Sattler, 1960 | 1 |
| Pseudotelphusa Janse, 1958 | 1 |
| Concubina Omelko & Omelko, 2004 | 1 |
| Altenia Sattler, 1960 | 1 |
| Aulidiotis Meyrick, 1925 | 1 |
| Subfamily Anacampsinae | |
| Syncopacma Meyrick, 1925 | 1 |
| Aproaerema Durrant, 1897 | 1 |
| Anacampsis Curtis, 1827 | 3 |
| Prolita Leraut, 1993 | 1 |
| Mesophleps Hübner, [1825] | 3 |
| Subfamily Dichomeridinae | |
| Helcystogramma Zeller, 1877 | 6 |
| Paralida Clarke, 1958 | 1 |
| Dichomeris Hübner, 1818 | 28 |
| Acanthophila Heinemann, 1870 | 1 |
| Neofaculta Gozmány, 1955 | 1 |
| Encolapta Meyrick, 1913 | 4 |
| Hypatima Hübner, [1825] | 3 |
| Tornodoxa Meyrick, 1921 | 3 |
| Faristenia Ponomarenko, 1991 | 9 |
| Dendrophilia Ponomarenko, 1993 | 4 |
| Bagdadia Amsel, 1949 | 4 |
| Anarsia Zeller, 1839 | 11 |
| Total | 215 species |
Table 1: The number of the known species of Gelechiidae in Korean Peninsula.
The subfamily rank of Sitotrogoides (with *) is uncertain and tentatively placed in Anomologinae.
Acknowledgements
I’d like to thank Dr. G.E. Lee, a specialist of Gelechiidae in Korea, who read and gave valuable comments to improve this article.
References
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